A face lift is a surgical procedure that eliminates visible signs of aging in the face and neck. A youthful face represents a more youthful person. The "layer approach" to a facelift is the most comprehensive. The most superficial layer of the face is the skin. A face lift procedure addresses the underlying layers of the face. Also known as rhytidectomy, a facelift smoothes the loose skin on the face and neck, tightens the underlying tissues and removes excess fat. New endoscopic techniques reduce scarring. A doctor uses a small endoscope measuring 5 mm in diameter and cuts into the scalp. The plastic surgeon performs the entire operation under the facial skin resulting in no visible scars on the face. Endoscopic facelifts have a quick recovery with the patient experiencing minimal bruising and swelling. Deeper soft tissues around the checks and eye make a patient look tired. Cheek fat removal techniques and spot facial or neck suctioning or buccal fat excision, remove excess cheek fat by a tiny incision inside the mouth. The procedure yields a more sculptured appearance. Cheek augmentation makes the cheek bones themselves seem wider or more forward appearing and the buccal fat excision removes fat from "chubby cheeks" below the bones.
The doctor performs the surgery with a light general anesthesia and uses long-acting local anesthetics to minimize postoperative pain. The surgery begins with the injection of a long-acting local anesthetic to keep comfortable long after the procedure is over. If there is excess fat, the doctor liposuctions the neck and face and then makes incisions in front of the ear and behind the ear. The surgeon elevates the skin from the face to reveal the deeper SMAS layer. This layer of the face includes all of the muscles that produce facial expressions. The doctor pulls the skin upwards towards the scalp in order to correct the sagging effects of gravity on the face. The surgeon then re-drapes the skin of the face also pulling in an upward direction. Then, the surgeon closes the incisions in multiple layers, paying special attention to where the sutures are. The incisions behind the ears will be covered by the ear and therefore not visible.
When a doctor performs a facelift endoscopically, the anesthesiologist anesthetizes the face. The surgeon hides the small incisions in the scalp and, using a special camera (endoscope) along with special endoscopic instruments, completes the entire procedure as displayed on a monitor. The doctor elevates the skin away from the SMAS layer and suspends it from the SMAS. The doctor tightens muscles and re-drapes the skin over the face. He or she suspends it in place with special sutures. The multiple-layer approach to facial rejuvenation yields long-lasting results. The doctor places surgical scars within the scalp so that they are not visible. The minimally invasive endoscopic approach allows for a speedy recovery and shorter "down time."
In both procedures, the doctor covers the face with special bandages that lightly compress the skin after surgery in order to decrease any swelling.
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Surgery
An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply surgery. In this context, the verb operates means to perform surgery. The adjective surgical means pertaining to surgery; e.g. surgical instruments or surgical nurse. The patient or subject on which the surgery is performed can be a person or an animal. A surgeon is a person who performs operations on patients. In rare cases, surgeons may operate on themselves. Persons described as surgeons are commonly physicians, but the term is also applied to podiatrists, dentists and veterinarians. A surgery can last from minutes to hours, but is typically not an ongoing or periodic type of treatment. The term surgery can also refer to the place where surgery is performed, or simply the office of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian. At a hospital, modern surgery is often done in an operating theater using surgical instruments, an operating table for the patient, and other equipment. The environment and procedures used in surgery are governed by the principles of aseptic technique: the strict separation of sterile free of microorganisms things from unsterile or contaminated things. All surgical instruments must be sterilized, and an instrument must be replaced or re-sterilized if it becomes contaminated i.e. handled in an unsterile manner, or allowed to touch an unsterile surface. Operating room staff must wear sterile attire scrubs, a scrub cap, a sterile surgical gown, sterile latex or non-latex polymer gloves and a surgical mask, and they must scrub hands and arms with an approved disinfectant agent before each procedure. Prior to surgery, the patient is given a medical examination, certain pre-operative tests, and their physical status is rated according to the AS A physical status classification system. If these results are satisfactory, the patient signs a consent form and is given a surgical clearance. If the procedure is expected to result in significant blood loss, an autologous blood donation may be made some weeks prior to surgery. If the surgery involves the digestive system, the patient may be instructed to perform bowel prep by drinking a solution of polyethylene glycol the night before the procedure. Patients are also instructed to abstain from food or drink to minimize the effect of stomach contents on pre-operative medications and reduce the risk of aspiration if the patient vomits during or after the procedure. In the pre-operative holding area, the patient changes out of his or her street clothes and is asked to confirm the details of his or her surgery. A set of vital signs are recorded, a peripheral IV line is placed, and pre-operative medications are given. When the patient enters the operating room, the skin surface to be operated on, called the operating field, is cleaned and prepared by applying an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine gluconate or povidone-iodine to reduce the possibility of infection. If hair is present at the surgical site, it is clipped off prior to prep application. The patient is assisted by an anesthesiologist or resident to make a specific surgical position, sterile drapes are used to cover all of the patient's body except for the head and the surgical site or at least a wide area surrounding the operating field. The drapes are clipped to a pair of poles near the head of the bed to form an ether screen, which separates the anesthetist/anesthesiologist's working area from the surgical site. Anesthesia is administered to prevent pain from incision, tissue manipulation and suturing. Based on the procedure, anesthesia may be provided locally or as general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia may be used when the surgical site is too large or deep for a local block, but general anesthesia may not be desirable. With local and spinal anesthesia, the surgical site is anesthetized, but the patient can remain conscious or minimally sedated. In contrast, general anesthesia renders the patient unconscious and paralyzed during surgery. The patient is intubated and is placed on a mechanical ventilator, and anesthesia is produced by a combination of injected and inhaled agents. An incision is made to access the surgical site. Blood vessels may be clamped to prevent bleeding, and retractors may be used to expose the site or keep the incision open. The approach to the surgical site may involve several layers of incision and dissection, as in abdominal surgery, where the incision must traverse skin, subcutaneous tissue, three layers of muscle and then peritoneum. In certain cases, bone may be cut to further access the interior of the body; for example, cutting the skull for brain surgery or cutting the sternum for thoracic surgery to open up the rib cage. Lactating women, or women with particularly large breasts, may have even larger areolae. Passages Malibu Cost Everyone has uneven breasts to varying degrees. Passages Malibu Cost Naturally asymmetrical or uneven breasts can become more noticeably uneven after breast augmentation as the breast implants can accentuate the difference in size between the two breasts. Passages Malibu Cost Placing different sized or shaped breast implants in each breast corrects moderate breast asymmetry. Passages Malibu Cost In those with breast implants, breasts may become asymmetrical after pregnancy and breast-feeding can make it more complicated to correct. Passages Malibu Cost A breast lift or mastopexy may improve breast asymmetry after pregnancy. Passages Malibu Cost Cleavage, anatomically known as the intra-mammary cleft, is the space between a woman's breasts lying over the sternum. Passages Malibu Cost Cleavage is exposed by a garment with a low neckline, such as ball gowns, evening gowns, swimwear, casual tops and other garments. Passages Malibu Cost Most people, both male and female, regard breasts as an important aspect of femininity and many women use cleavage to enhance their physical and sexual attractiveness and to enhance their sense of femininity. Passages Malibu Cost Some people regard use of cleavage as a form of feminine flirting or seduction, within the confines of community, peer group and personal standards of modesty, as much as for its aesthetic or erotic effect. Passages Malibu Cost Some people derive erotic pleasure from seeing a woman's cleavage, some derive pleasure in their female partner exposing cleavage, and some women wear low-cut clothing for the pleasure of their partner. Passages Malibu Cost However, some people, such as those subject to gymnophobia, may feel uncomfortable with the sight of a woman's cleavage, or object to low-cut clothing for modesty or other reasons. Passages Malibu Cost The International Federation of Associations of Anatomists has adopted the terms inter-mammary sulcus or inter-mammary cleft when referring to the area of cleavage between the breasts not including the breasts. Passages Malibu Cost
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